United Kingdom
- Critical Minerals Strategy: The government is finalising its updated strategy, expected to expand on incentives for domestic refining, highlight recycling, and set clearer targets for battery supply chain resilience.
- Energy Cost Relief: The BritishIndustry Supercharger Scheme is being expanded, aiming at cutting power pricesfor energy-intensive industries. This could materially lower refining OPEX.
- Planning & Permitting: Thegovernment continues to signal support for “fast-tracking” strategic projects.
European Union
- Battery RegulationImplementation: the EU’s recycled content requirements are now in force,mandating rising levels of lithium, cobalt, and nickel in EV batteries by 2031.
- Refining Gap: Despite many announcements, only two lithium refineries are currently operating in Europe. SC Insights wants Europe will still be a net importer of lithium chemicals and cathode materials by 2027-29.
- Strategic Projects: EU policymakers have released which lithium conversion projects qualify as “strategic” under the Net Zero Industry Act.
China:
- Mine Licensing Risk: CATL’s Jiangxi mine shutdown in August, caused by license expiry, immediately spiked global prices before reopening expectations calmed markets. This highlights theregulatory risk premium attached to Chinese supply.
- Export Controls: Authoritiesare still reviewing export approvals for certain battery technologies, thoughlithium chemicals remain largely unaffected.
- Strategic Direction: China continues to dominate refining capacity, with > 50% global share, but policyemphasis is shifting to environmental compliance and consolidation of smaller,higher-cost converters.
Takeaways:
- UK is moving toward cost reliefand strategic recognition for domestic refining.
- Europe has ambitious regulationbut lacks sufficient financed capacity.
- China continues to dominaterefining but faces regulatory risks that create global volatility.
- TVL represents one of the mostcredible solutions to reduce exposure to China, meet EU compliance, and anchor UK industrial strategy.